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微电网布局提速

From:中国产经新闻报 | author:yjzx360 | Release :2021-11-22 | 2143 view: | Share:
一直以来，电改都是老百姓*为关心的话题。能否还原电力商品属性，形成由市场决定电价的机制，也成为社会各界普遍关注的焦点。
 
近日，国家能源局发布了《关于推进新能源微电网示范项目建设的指导意见》(以下简称《意见》)。该《意见》提出，将推进新能源微电网示范项目建设，各省(区、市)均需上报新能源微电网示范项目。这无疑对当前的电力体制改革起到推动作用。
 
新能源微电网是基于局部配电网建设的，风、光、天然气等各类分布式能源多能互补，具备较高新能源电力接入比例，可通过能量存储和优化配置实现本地能源生产与用能负荷基本平衡，并可根据需要与公共电网灵活互动且相对独立运行的智慧型能源综合利用局域网。
 
同时，《意见》指出，联网型新能源微电网优先选择在分布式可再生能源渗透率较高或具备多能互补条件的地区建设;独立型(或弱联型)新能源微电网主要用于电网未覆盖的偏远地区、海岛以及仅靠小水电供电的地区，也可以是对送电到乡或无电地区电力建设已经建成但供电能力不足的村级独立光伏电站的改造。
 
新能源微电网示范项目建设的目的是探索建立容纳高比例波动性可再生能源电力的发输(配)储用一体化的局域电力系统，探索电力能源服务的新型商业运营模式和新业态，推动更加具有活力的电力市场化创新发展，形成完善的新能源微电网技术体系和管理体制。
 
运作更为灵活 力促电力改革
 
其实，微电网在我国并不是新鲜事物。
 
早在“十二五”期间，**就计划建设30个微电网项目，目前这些项目主要用于解决偏远地区、海岛的用电问题。在未来的微电网里，所有企业和家庭都可以通过分布式能源，参加清洁能源生产，可以在家里屋顶，办公室屋顶，厂房屋顶，住宅周围等建立清洁发电。微电网实际上是把小型电网、分布式能源看成一个整体，跟用户实现有效的互动。本次公布的《意见》也明确提出，微电网将与公共电网建立双向互动关系，灵活参与电力市场交易。
 
与传统电网相比，微电网并不以支持集中式的大型火电、水电为主，其电源是分散的，主要是风电、光伏、生物质能等分布式能源，负荷也是分散的，电力以就地消纳为主。由于清洁可再生能源具有不稳定性，无论是联网型微电网还是独立型微电网，都需要遵守“多能互补、自成一体”的原则，将各类分布式能源、储电蓄热(冷)及高效用能技术相结合，通过智能电网及综合能量管理系统，形成以可再生能源为主的高效一体化分布式能源系统。
 
国家能源局相关负责人表示，新能源微电网代表了未来能源发展趋势，是推进能源发展及经营管理方式变革的重要载体，对推进节能减排和实现能源可持续发展具有重要意义。同时，新能源微电网也是电网配售侧向社会主体放开的一种具体方式，符合电力体制改革的方向，可为新能源创造巨大的发展空间。
 
“国家能源局发布关于推进新能源微电网示范项目建设指导意见，指明了关于微网要做什么、做成什么样、让谁做的问题，接下来就是具体怎样执行的问题。微电网无疑也是能源互联概念实施的重要节点，根据测算的储采比来判断，我国面临化石能源匮乏压力不小，对于新能源开发利用内在需求度较高。由于新能源微电网也是电网配售侧向社会主体放开的一种具体方式，也给当前正在实施的电力改革注入了新的活力”。镇江华东电力设备制造厂有限公司项目经理聂光辉对《中国产经新闻》记者说道。
 
“新能源微电网需要有强大的电源支撑，因此微电网的建设成本比较高，根据国际上的经验，欧美等国对新能源微电网项目均有不同程度的补贴，但此次发布的《意见》中并没有具体的补贴政策，这就要求微电网有效压缩成本，并且要与公共电网建立双向互动关系，灵活参与电力市场交易，因此微电网将倒逼整个电力行业进行改革，还原电力的商品属性”。中投顾问能源行业研究员宋智晨在接受《中国产经新闻》记者采访时说道。
 
中国能源网首席信息官韩晓平在接受媒体采访时指出，微电网在国际上也处于起步阶段，而我国目前的电力体制仍不完全适应微电网发展的创新需求。下一步还需通过电力改革，进一步开放市场，鼓励更多企业参与微电网建设。
 
储能产业迎来新契机
 
此次《意见》明确针对新能源微电网，通过示范项目建设来探索建立容纳高比例波动性可再生能源电力的发输(配)储用一体化的局域电力系统。就是对间歇性的风力、光伏等清洁能源，配备一定比例的储能系统，提升清洁能源的利用率，降低对输(配)电网的冲击。
 
一直以来，光伏发电和风力发电由于较高的波动性，被斥为垃圾电而被电网限制接纳。在之后的大力发展清洁能源的政策指导下，电网基本放开对风光电力的接纳限制，随后带来了光伏和风电的高速增长。但是，这并没有改变风光新能源电力高波动性对电网有冲击影响的隐患，当前普遍地对光伏和风电的限发，也是本质原因之一。
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